Drugs that combat viral infections are called antiviral drugs. There are no effective antiviral drugs for many viral infections. However, there are several drugs for influenza, a couple of drugs for herpesviruses, and some new antiviral drugs for treatment of HIV and hepatitis C infections. The arsenal of antivirals is complex.1. How does Paxlovid work? Paxlovid is an antiviral therapy that consists of two separate medications packaged together. When you take your three-pill dose, two of those pills will be nirmatrelvir, which inhibits a key enzyme that the COVID virus requires in order to make functional virus particles.Influenza and COVID-19. The worldwide pandemic of the disease called COVID-19 has changed the way people look at “flu-like” symptoms. COVID-19 is caused by a different virus, not an influenza ...Antivirals. Antiviral medications help the body fight off harmful viruses. The drugs can ease symptoms and shorten the length of a viral infection. Antivirals also lower the risk of getting or spreading viruses that cause herpes and HIV. One approved antiviral treats the coronavirus that causes COVID-19.The Swiss company Molecular Partners has developed an antiviral drug for Covid-19, called ensovibep. The drug is a custom-made protein, made up of three sections that can each grab onto a ...Ivermectin for Early Covid-19 Multiple medications in common use have been considered for the treatment of Covid-19. ... scabies). 3 The in vitro antiviral activity of ivermectin has been explored ...Dec 2, 2020 · n engl j med 384;6 nejm.org February 11, 2021 499 Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for Covid-19 no trial lopinavir while they were unable to swal-low. The regimen for interferon (mainly subcuta- Molnupiravir, an antiviral drug to treat mild to moderate COVID-19, is under consideration by the FDA for possible authorization. Merck. A Food and Drug Administration advisory committee voted ...A Government spokesman said that the list of private doctors who have obtained COVID-19 oral drugs for prescription, namely Paxlovid and Molnupiravir, through a dedicated online platform has been published on a designated website today (April 26). The Government had earlier announced that the above two COVID-19 oral drugs would be provided to ...Mar 25, 2022 · As the drug target is not under the genetic control of the virus, the virus cannot mutate around it as readily, or at all. The iminosugars will also be antiviral against all variants of this coronavirus, including those for which vaccines are not yet available, and any mutants that might arise naturally or in response to direct acting antiviral drugs, such as protease inhibitors (eg, Paxlovid ... A separate analysis of PCORnet network outpatient COVID-19 treatment data from January–July 2022 found significant disparities in receipt of COVID-19 treatment by racial and ethnic groups. 21 During April–July 2022, when Paxlovid use was highest, among COVID-19 patients aged ≥20 years, Black patients were prescribed Paxlovid 36% less ...SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the family of enveloped, single-strand RNA viruses known as Betacoronavirus in Coronaviridae, first reported late 2019 in China. It has since been circulating world-wide, causing the COVID-19 epidemic with high infectivity and fatality rates. As of the beginning of April 2021, pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 130 ...SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the family of enveloped, single-strand RNA viruses known as Betacoronavirus in Coronaviridae, first reported late 2019 in China. It has since been circulating world-wide, causing the COVID-19 epidemic with high infectivity and fatality rates. As of the beginning of April 2021, pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 130 ...As the drug target is not under the genetic control of the virus, the virus cannot mutate around it as readily, or at all. The iminosugars will also be antiviral against all variants of this coronavirus, including those for which vaccines are not yet available, and any mutants that might arise naturally or in response to direct acting antiviral drugs, such as protease inhibitors (eg, Paxlovid ...Antivirals are medicines that help stop a virus infecting healthy cells or multiplying in the body. There are antivirals available that work against COVID-19 and they work best when taken as soon as possible. COVID-19 antivirals do not work against other viruses like the flu. There are different antivirals for the flu.The antiviral medication Paxlovid has proven to be effective in preventing serious illnesses from COVID-19. Right now, only people with certain medical conditions can be prescribed the drug.Currently, humans are immersed in a pandemic caused by the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which threatens public health worldwide. To date, no drug or vaccine has been approved to treat the severe disease caused by this coronavirus, COVID-19. In this paper, we will focus on the main virus-based and host-based targets that can guide efforts in medicinal ...Dec 21, 2021 · Ibuprofen, which is also known by the brand names Advil and Motrin, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). These types of medications can help lower your fever and minimize muscle aches from COVID-19, while also reducing some inflammation in your body. Ibuprofen doesn’t treat the virus itself, but it can make you feel a lot better. Pfizer’s oral antiviral drug (a combination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir tablets) is strongly recommended for patients with non-severe COVID-19 who are at highest risk of developing severe disease and hospitalization, such as unvaccinated, older, or immunosuppressed patients.Ivermectin for Early Covid-19 Multiple medications in common use have been considered for the treatment of Covid-19. ... scabies). 3 The in vitro antiviral activity of ivermectin has been explored ...Researchers are studying other potential treatments for COVID-19, including: Antiviral drugs. Researchers are testing the antiviral drugs favipiravir and merimepodib. Studies have found that the combination of lopinavir and ... Anti-inflammatory therapy. Researchers study many anti-inflammatory ... Feb 19, 2016 · Nucleoside viral DNA polymerases are the specific target of a number of antiviral drugs currently used to inhibit viral replication. Most antiviral approved drugs which inhibit a DNA polymerase are nucleoside analogues. They represent the most productive source of antiviral agents. These agents need to be phosphorylated to their active form. Mar 24, 2021 · An international team of researchers has found that three commonly used antiviral and antimalarial drugs are effective in vitro at preventing replication of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The work also underscores the necessity of testing compounds against multiple cell lines to rule out false negative results. These sections summarize the data on antiviral agents, including remdesivir, ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies. Antivirals, Including Antibody Products | COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Date Update Type Topic ; 5/25/2023: FDA Approves First Oral Antiviral for Treatment of COVID-19 in Adults. Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the oral antiviral Paxlovid ...Antivirals are medicines that help stop a virus infecting healthy cells or multiplying in the body. There are antivirals available that work against COVID-19 and they work best when taken as soon as possible. COVID-19 antivirals do not work against other viruses like the flu. There are different antivirals for the flu.Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. [1] Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. [2] Antiviral drugs are one class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and ... Pfizer’s oral antiviral drug (a combination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir tablets) is strongly recommended for patients with non-severe COVID-19 who are at highest risk of developing severe disease and hospitalization, such as unvaccinated, older, or immunosuppressed patients.Wear a Mask mask. If you become infected with COVID-19, there are treatment options that may help reduce how sick you become. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has authorized and approved treatments that have already been taken by millions of people, reducing their risk of severe COVID-19 symptoms and keeping many of them out of the hospital. Feb 9, 2023 · Estimates of COVID-19 deaths in the U.S. show that people from racial and ethnic minority groups are dying from COVID-19 disproportionately, and studies have identified racial and ethnic differences in at-home COVID-19 test use, vaccination coverage, and access to outpatient therapeutics. 14-16 Data has shown that compared to non-Hispanic White ... Mar 12, 2020 · In February 2020, China approved the use of the antiviral drug favilavir to treat symptoms of COVID-19. The drug was initially developed to treat inflammation in the nose and throat. Apr 19, 2022 · 19 Apr 2022 06:56PM (Updated: 19 Apr 2022 07:32PM) SINGAPORE: The antiviral drug molnupravir will be the second oral medicine approved in Singapore for the treatment of adult COVID-19 patients ... Veklury is a COVID-19 treatment given intravenously (by IV or drip). Like oral antivirals, Veklury helps stop the virus that causes COVID-19 from making copies of itself in your body. WHO is eligible to receive Veklury? Adults 18 and over; Children who are 28 days of age or older and weigh at least 7 pounds (3 kg) AND who: Date Update Type Topic ; 5/25/2023: FDA Approves First Oral Antiviral for Treatment of COVID-19 in Adults. Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the oral antiviral Paxlovid ... Sep 1, 2023 · 01595 743 393. NHS Tayside (open from 9am to 4pm Monday to Friday and from 9am to 1pm Saturday and Sunday) 01382 919 477. NHS Western Isles. 01851 601 151. Coronavirus oral antiviral treatments are also being evaluated through a study called PANORAMIC, run by the University of Oxford. Aug 25, 2023 · Antivirals are medicines that help stop a virus infecting healthy cells or multiplying in the body. There are antivirals available that work against COVID-19 and they work best when taken as soon as possible. COVID-19 antivirals do not work against other viruses like the flu. There are different antivirals for the flu. Mar 25, 2022 · As the drug target is not under the genetic control of the virus, the virus cannot mutate around it as readily, or at all. The iminosugars will also be antiviral against all variants of this coronavirus, including those for which vaccines are not yet available, and any mutants that might arise naturally or in response to direct acting antiviral drugs, such as protease inhibitors (eg, Paxlovid ... Antiviral drugs can help your body fight off viruses like COVID-19. Learn more about forms of antivirals approved for COVID-19 treatment. May 26, 2023 · To access the Letters of Authorization and Fact Sheets for Healthcare Providers and Patients, Parents, and Caregivers for EUAs for drug and biological products during the COVID-19 pandemic, see ... Paxlovid is a swallowable tablet that stops the COVID-19 virus from replicating and progressing to a more severe state. Most recently, the drug was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat mild to moderate COVID-19 in adults (people 18 and older) who are at high risk for developing severe COVID-19.Jul 14, 2023 · developing a COVID-19 plan if you test positive to COVID-19. Learn more about oral antiviral treatments for COVID-19. Older Australians and First Nations people. If you test positive for COVID-19, you may be eligible for antiviral treatments if you are: 70 years of age or older, regardless of risk factors and with or without symptoms. Dec 21, 2021 · Ibuprofen, which is also known by the brand names Advil and Motrin, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). These types of medications can help lower your fever and minimize muscle aches from COVID-19, while also reducing some inflammation in your body. Ibuprofen doesn’t treat the virus itself, but it can make you feel a lot better. Veklury is a COVID-19 treatment given intravenously (by IV or drip). Like oral antivirals, Veklury helps stop the virus that causes COVID-19 from making copies of itself in your body. WHO is eligible to receive Veklury? Adults 18 and over; Children who are 28 days of age or older and weigh at least 7 pounds (3 kg) AND who: To tackle the challenges, we report advanced virtual screening with pre- and postdocking pharmacophore filtering of 6,218 drugs for COVID-19. Notably, 7 out of 38 compounds showed efficacies in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells. Three of these were also found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in human Calu-3 cells.Dec 22, 2021 · Pfizer and Merck Covid-19 antiviral pills receive FDA emergency use authorization. ... Pfizer's pill is the first oral antiviral drug authorized by the FDA that is specifically designed to fight ... The Therapeutic Goods Association also maintains a list of COVID-19 treatments that have been approved for use in Australia. What oral COVID-19 antiviral medicines can people take at home? People with COVID-19 who don’t need oxygen and are not in hospital may be eligible for either Lagevrio or Paxlovid if they meet certain criteria. Lagevrio ... The most plentiful is the antiviral drug remdesivir, sold by Gilead Sciences under the brand name Veklury.First approved by the FDA in 2020 for COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization, Gilead ...Feb 28, 2022 · Collection of documents relating to COVID-19 treatments. The NHS is offering new antibody and antiviral treatments to people with coronavirus (COVID-19) who are at highest risk of becoming ... Nov 4, 2021 · The antiviral Lagevrio (molnupiravir) is safe and effective at reducing the risk of hospitalisation and death in people with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are at increased risk of developing ... Wear a Mask mask. If you become infected with COVID-19, there are treatment options that may help reduce how sick you become. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has authorized and approved treatments that have already been taken by millions of people, reducing their risk of severe COVID-19 symptoms and keeping many of them out of the hospital. This drug has further been demonstrated to exert antiviral activity against Zika virus (ZIKV) in in vitro screening assays , but failed to offer protection in ZIKV-infected mice . Recently, Caly et al. reported on the antiviral activity of ivermectin against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 . These authors demonstrated that a single ...Dec 22, 2021 · Pfizer and Merck Covid-19 antiviral pills receive FDA emergency use authorization. ... Pfizer's pill is the first oral antiviral drug authorized by the FDA that is specifically designed to fight ... The treatments available for people at the highest risk of becoming seriously ill from COVID-19 are: Nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir, remdesivir and molnupiravir are antiviral medicines. Sotrovimab is known as a neutralising monoclonal antibody (nMAb). Sotrovimab is recommended if nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir (Paxlovid) is not suitable. Mar 30, 2022 · Ivermectin for Early Covid-19 Multiple medications in common use have been considered for the treatment of Covid-19. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, ivermectin that was ... As the drug target is not under the genetic control of the virus, the virus cannot mutate around it as readily, or at all. The iminosugars will also be antiviral against all variants of this coronavirus, including those for which vaccines are not yet available, and any mutants that might arise naturally or in response to direct acting antiviral drugs, such as protease inhibitors (eg, Paxlovid ...A lab technician works on the production of molnupiravir, an oral antiviral drug that some countries have authorized for use against COVID-19. Credit: Amr Abdallah Dalsh/Reuters/Alamy1. How does Paxlovid work? Paxlovid is an antiviral therapy that consists of two separate medications packaged together. When you take your three-pill dose, two of those pills will be nirmatrelvir, which inhibits a key enzyme that the COVID virus requires in order to make functional virus particles.Feb 4, 2023 · The antiviral Paxlovid has changed the battle against COVID-19. It's so effective that more than 85% of people at risk for severe disease can avoid a bad outcome with a five-day course of the ... Jul 21, 2023 · Remdesivir has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo activity against SARS-CoV-2. 1. Intravenous remdesivir is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of COVID-19 in adults and pediatric patients aged ≥28 days and weighing ≥3 kg. In nonhospitalized patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk of ... Abstract Background New treatments are needed to reduce the risk of progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Molnupiravir is an oral, small-molecule antiviral prodrug that is active agai...Molnupiravir is an easier-to-synthesize, oral drug option that has been found to shorten the duration of infectiousness among people with symptomatic COVID-19. Late-stage clinical testing is under ...Dec 2, 2020 · n engl j med 384;6 nejm.org February 11, 2021 499 Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for Covid-19 no trial lopinavir while they were unable to swal-low. The regimen for interferon (mainly subcuta- And if the history of antiviral research is any guide, the first drugs for Covid-19 will probably only offer modest benefit against the disease, Dr. Fauci said. But that would be a good start.Sep 5, 2023 · Paxlovid is an antiviral therapy that consists of two separate medications packaged together. When you take your three-pill dose, two of those pills will be nirmatrelvir, which inhibits a key enzyme that the COVID virus requires in order to make functional virus particles. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for the emergency use of the unapproved product PAXLOVID for the treatment of mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults and pediatric patients (12 years of age and older weighing at least 40 kg) with positive results of direct severe ...There are several FDA-authorized or approved antiviral medications used to treat mild to moderate COVID-19 in people who are more likely to get very sick. Antiviral treatments target specific parts of the virus to stop it from multiplying in the body, helping to prevent severe illness and death. Agreement builds on Pfizer’s comprehensive strategy to work toward equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines and treatments for all people, particularly those living in the poorest parts of the world Agreement will enable qualified sub-licensees to supply countries comprising approximately 53% of the world’s population Interim data from the Phase 2/3 EPIC-HR study demonstrated an 89% reduction ...Paxlovid is one of the only antiviral pills to effectively treat COVID-19 symptoms. ... the herbal remedy St. John's Wort, and HIV medications. (A complete list of those drugs starts on page 11 of ...New antiviral pills for COVID-19 recently authorized for emergency use in high-risk people by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration should give doctors an easier means of keeping people out of the ...Antivirals. Antiviral medications help the body fight off harmful viruses. The drugs can ease symptoms and shorten the length of a viral infection. Antivirals also lower the risk of getting or spreading viruses that cause herpes and HIV. One approved antiviral treats the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. There are two oral antiviral therapies currently available to treat Covid-19 in the United States. One, called Paxlovid, was developed by Pfizer and was the first oral treatment authorized for ...New antiviral pills for COVID-19 recently authorized for emergency use in high-risk people by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration should give doctors an easier means of keeping people out of the ...Paxlovid is one of the only antiviral pills to effectively treat COVID-19 symptoms. ... the herbal remedy St. John's Wort, and HIV medications. (A complete list of those drugs starts on page 11 of ...May 26, 2023 · To access the Letters of Authorization and Fact Sheets for Healthcare Providers and Patients, Parents, and Caregivers for EUAs for drug and biological products during the COVID-19 pandemic, see ... † Lagevrio and Paxlovid are oral antiviral therapies indicated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 who have received positive results of direct SARS-CoV-2 viral testing and are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19. Lagevrio is indicated for the treatment of adults aged ≥18 years for whom alternative COVID ...The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for the emergency use of the unapproved product PAXLOVID for the treatment of mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults and pediatric patients (12 years of age and older weighing at least 40 kg) with positive results of direct severe ...Feb 28, 2022 · Collection of documents relating to COVID-19 treatments. The NHS is offering new antibody and antiviral treatments to people with coronavirus (COVID-19) who are at highest risk of becoming ... The NHS is offering new antibody and antiviral treatments to people with coronavirus (COVID-19) who are at highest risk of becoming seriously ill. See treatments for coronavirus for further ...The NHS is offering new antibody and antiviral treatments to people with coronavirus (COVID-19) who are at highest risk of becoming seriously ill. See treatments for coronavirus for further ...The COVID-19 is affecting thousands of peoples day by day and continues to spread across the world. The present review has focused on promising repurposing drugs, including remdesivir, lopinvar/retinovar, favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, monoclonal antibodies and vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Besides, our review has also focused on many organizations that are in the race to ...The NHS is offering new antibody and antiviral treatments to people with coronavirus (COVID-19) who are at highest risk of becoming seriously ill. See treatments for coronavirus for further ...Here are 15 herbs with powerful antiviral activity. 1. Oregano. Oregano is a popular herb in the mint family that’s known for its impressive medicinal qualities. Its plant compounds, which ...Mar 6, 2023 · Ivermectin is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antiparasitic drug used to treat several neglected tropical diseases, including onchocerciasis, helminthiases, and scabies. 1 For these indications, ivermectin has been widely used and is generally well tolerated. 1,2 Ivermectin is not approved by the FDA for the treatment of any viral infection. May 26, 2023 · To access the Letters of Authorization and Fact Sheets for Healthcare Providers and Patients, Parents, and Caregivers for EUAs for drug and biological products during the COVID-19 pandemic, see ... Oct 5, 2020 · President Trump's COVID-19 Treatment Includes These Drugs. October 05, 2020 6:13 PM. Steve Baragona. FILE - Vials of the drug remdesivir are seen at a hospital in Germany, April 8, 2020. The list ... Apr 19, 2022 · 19 Apr 2022 06:56PM (Updated: 19 Apr 2022 07:32PM) SINGAPORE: The antiviral drug molnupravir will be the second oral medicine approved in Singapore for the treatment of adult COVID-19 patients ...
Estimates of COVID-19 deaths in the U.S. show that people from racial and ethnic minority groups are dying from COVID-19 disproportionately, and studies have identified racial and ethnic differences in at-home COVID-19 test use, vaccination coverage, and access to outpatient therapeutics. 14-16 Data has shown that compared to non-Hispanic White .... Sslvpnlogin
Mar 12, 2020 · In February 2020, China approved the use of the antiviral drug favilavir to treat symptoms of COVID-19. The drug was initially developed to treat inflammation in the nose and throat. Remdesivir has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo activity against SARS-CoV-2. 1. Intravenous remdesivir is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of COVID-19 in adults and pediatric patients aged ≥28 days and weighing ≥3 kg. In nonhospitalized patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk of ...Jan 24, 2022 · The most plentiful is the antiviral drug remdesivir, sold by Gilead Sciences under the brand name Veklury.First approved by the FDA in 2020 for COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization, Gilead ... Antiviral medications can help your immune system fight back by helping stop the virus from multiplying your body. This lowers the amount of virus in your body with the goal of you having less severe symptoms and recovering more quickly. Antiviral therapy is not a cure for COVID-19.A lab technician works on the production of molnupiravir, an oral antiviral drug that some countries have authorized for use against COVID-19. Credit: Amr Abdallah Dalsh/Reuters/AlamyOral antiviral treatment works by targeting specific proteins on the SARS-CoV-2 virus to prevent efficient virus replication within the host cell. Paxlovid and molnupiravir reduce the risk of hospitalization and death by 88% and 30% respectively, in patients at high-risk for severe COVID-19 when started early after symptom onset. Mar 30, 2022 · Ivermectin for Early Covid-19 Multiple medications in common use have been considered for the treatment of Covid-19. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, ivermectin that was ... On Sept. 27, Pfizer said that it was launching a late-phase clinical trial to test whether, in combination with another drug, its oral COVID-19 antiviral can prevent infection with the coronavirus ...Types of EUA-authorized Products CDER’s EUA page lists all therapeutic products currently authorized under an EUA, as well as the current product Fact Sheets and additional information for health...for the treatment of COVID-19. Summary Recommendations Recommendations for Treating Nonhospitalized Adults • The COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel (the Panel) recommends the following anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapies as preferred treatments for COVID-19. These drugs are listed in order of preference: • Ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid ...Nov 16, 2022 · This section describes trends in the use of COVID-19 medications that have been shown to be effective in lowering risk for severe health outcomes, including COVID-19–related deaths. Data presented are from PCORnet , a network of healthcare facilities that contains electronic health record data for over 30 million people. The Swiss company Molecular Partners has developed an antiviral drug for Covid-19, called ensovibep. The drug is a custom-made protein, made up of three sections that can each grab onto a ...Ivermectin for Early Covid-19 Multiple medications in common use have been considered for the treatment of Covid-19. ... scabies). 3 The in vitro antiviral activity of ivermectin has been explored ...The Swiss company Molecular Partners has developed an antiviral drug for Covid-19, called ensovibep. The drug is a custom-made protein, made up of three sections that can each grab onto a ...Pfizer’s oral antiviral drug (a combination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir tablets) is strongly recommended for patients with non-severe COVID-19 who are at highest risk of developing severe disease and hospitalization, such as unvaccinated, older, or immunosuppressed patients.COVID-19 convalescent plasma with high titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is authorized for the treatment of COVID-19 in patients with immunosuppressive disease or receiving immunosuppressive ...The FDA authorized two antivirals, Pfizer's Paxlovid and Merck's molnupiravir, for the treatment of COVID-19 in certain patients. Hospital Treatments for COVID-19. There are treatments for hospitalized patients with severe cases of COVID-19 that have been approved or authorized for emergency use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). .